Broken symmetries and the masses of gauge bosons

• Peter Higgs (University of Edinburgh)

Room: 132:028 In a recent note it was shown that the Goldstone theorem, that Lorentz-covariant field theories in which spontaneous breakdown of symmetry under an internal Lie group occurs contains zero.mass particles, fails if and only if the conserved currents associated with the internal group are coupled to gauge fields. The purpose of the present note is to report that, as a consequence of this coupling, the spin-one quanta of some of the gauge fields acquire mass. <br><br> [1] P.W. Higgs, Phys.Rev.Lett 13 (1964) 508 <br>[2] J. Goldstone, Nuov. Cim. 19 (1961) 154

Quasi-Particles and Gauge Invariance in the Theory of Superconductivity

• Yoichiro Nambu (University of Chicago)

Room: 132:028 Ideas and techniques known in quantum electrodynamics have been applied to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity. In an approximation which corresponds to a generalization of the Hartree-Fock fields, one can write down an integral equation defining the self-energy of an electron in an electron gas with phonon and Coulomb interaction. <br><br> The form of the equation implies the existence of a particular solution which does not follow from perturbation theory, and which leads to the energy gap equation and the quasi-particle picture analogous to Bogoliubov's. The gauge invariance, to the first order in the external electromagnetic field, can be maintained in the quasi-particle picture by taking into account a certain class of corrections to the chargecurrent operator due to the phonon and Coulomb interaction. In fact, generalized forms of the Ward identity are obtained between certain vertex parts and the self-energy. The Meissner effect calculation is thus rendered strictly gauge invariant, but essentially keeping the BCS result unaltered for transverse fields. It is shown also that the integral equation for vertex parts allows homogeneous solutions which describe collective excitations of quasi-particle pairs, and the nature and effects of such collective states are discussed.

Broken symmetry and the mass of gauge vector mesons

• Robert Brout (Université Libre de Bruxelles)

Room: 132:028

Global conservation laws and massless particles

• Tom Kibble (Imperial College, London)

Room: 132:028

Global conservation laws and massless particles II

• Gerald Guralnik (Brown University)

Room: 132:028

Renormalizable Lagrangians for massive Yang-Mills fields

• Gerard 't Hooft (Utrecht University)

Room: 132:028

Field theories with superconductor solutions

• Jeffrey Goldstone (MIT)

Room: 132:028

Plasmons, gauge invariance and mass

• Philip W. Anderson (Bell Labs)

Room: 132:028

Discussion Room: 132:028

ABC

• lll kkk (ölk)

Room: 132:028