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Describing the evolution of a population of genomes evolving in a complex fitness landscape is generally very hard. To make this problem treatable, we introduce an approximate Gaussian closure scheme to characterize analytically the statistics of a genomic population, applicable to generic values of the rates of mutation or recombination and fitness functions. The Gaussian approximation is illustrated on a short-range fitness landscape with two far away and competing maxima. It unveils the existence of a phase transition from a broad to a polarized distribution of genomes as the strength of epistatic couplings is increased, characterized by slow coarsening dynamics of competing allele domains.
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