Superconductivity is a state where electric charge flows without
resistance. In Type-I and Type-II superconductors the charge flow
patterns are dramatically different. Type I was discovered a century
ago. In response to a weak magnetic field it creates a supercurrent near its
surface and expels the applied magnetic field from its interior. Type
II superconductivity was experimentally discovered by Shubnikov in 1937.
Applied magnetic field can gradually penetrate this type of superconductors.
In mid-1950, A.A.Abrikosov explained type-II behavior as a formation of
an exotic and counter-intuitive state of a regular lattice of quantum vortices.
In this talk, after an overview of 100 years of progress in understanding of
superconductivity and quantum fluids in general, I will argue that some
of newly discovered materials can have a new kind of superconductivity
which breaks the type-I/type-II dichotomy and can form novel phases
in applied magnetic field.
