Differential Rotation and Magnetism across the HR Diagram

Europe/Stockholm
132:028 (Nordita)

132:028

Nordita

Maarit Mantere (University of Helsinki), Petri Käpylä (University of Helsinki), Rainer Arlt (AIP Potsdam)
Description

Photo: Atefeh Barekat

Scope

The goal of the programme is to advance our understanding of the physical processes generating differential rotation in various types of stars, and the role that this effect plays for stellar magnetic activity and dynamos. The Sun is the only star for which the internal rotation profile is observationally known thanks to helioseismology – for other stars, only the surface differential rotation can be inferred from photometric or spectroscopic observations. Much relies on numerical models, working either under the mean-field approximation, or alternatively directly modelling rotating turbulent convection. The former approach has developed to the stage at which rotation profiles of different types of stars can be routinely calculated, although the effect of magnetic fields is normally not taken into account. Models of the latter category can quite satisfactorily produce the solar internal rotation profile, but calculations are computationally tremendously expensive, making large parameter studies very difficult. Analysis of observations, on the other hand, seems to indicate somewhat stronger, and sometimes anti-solar, differential rotation, as opposed to the predictions from mean-field models. This leaves quite uncertain grounds for further development of stellar dynamo theory, one of the key ingredients for the operation of the dynamo being the stellar nonuniform rotation. The main goal of the program is to investigate the connection between the theories and observations and obtain better understanding of the generation and role of differential rotation for stellar magnetism, and to formulate new theoretical, modeling and data analysis methods.

[Timetable - with slides of contributions]

Focus event

We are planning a one-week conference in the beginning of the program, which will be tightly focused to the topics addressed in the scientific case, but be open to a much larger number of participants. - Schedule of the conference

The conference takes place in the lecture rooms B2 and B3 of the building Brinellvägen 23 on the campus of Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH).

Other program activities

The work schedule for the remaining three weeks of the program consists of topical discussion sessions, seminars, and team work on issues raised during the focus event. These activities take place at Nordita and on the Albanova campus (top-left part of this PDF; we will mostly use building 23, but also building 33 "FP").

TimeActivityTopic
April 8 - April 12 Conference Differential Rotation and Magnetism across the HR Diagram
April 15 - April 19 Program week Generation and observation of differential rotation
April 22 - April 26 Program week Differential rotation interacting with magnetic fields (instabilities, torsional oscillations)
April 29 - May 03 Program week Dynamo processes in differentially rotating stars

Other activities

During the program, currently on three of the Fridays at 15:15-16:30, there astrobiology lectures, which may be of interest to some of the participants. There may also be some AlbaNova/Nordita colloquia on Thursdays, 15:15.

There is no registration fee.

Accommodation

Nordita provides a limited number of rooms in the Stockholm apartment hotel BizApartments free of charge for program participants.

Sponsored by:

Nordita Swedish Research Council

Participants
  • Aditi Sood
  • Agris Gailitis
  • Ahmet Devlen
  • Alexander Kholtygin
  • Alfio Bonanno
  • Allan Sacha BRUN
  • Ana Borisova
  • Ansgar Reiners
  • Atefeh Barekat
  • Axel Brandenburg
  • Bidya Binay Karak
  • Christoffer Karoff
  • Chunlin Tian
  • Delphine Hypolite
  • Dhrubaditya Mitra
  • Dieter Schmitt
  • Dmitry Sokoloff
  • Ebru Devlen
  • Egor Illarionov
  • Elena Benevolenskaya
  • Elizabeth Cole
  • Emmanuel Dormy
  • Federico Spada
  • Filippo Guarnieri
  • Friedrich Busse
  • Gibor Basri
  • Giovanni Pinzon
  • Gustavo Guerrero
  • Gösta Gahm
  • Igor Rogachevskii
  • Illa R. Losada
  • Jan Snellman
  • Joern Warnecke
  • Jon Braithwaite
  • Julien Morin
  • Jyri Lehtinen
  • Kandaswamy Subramanian
  • Karl-Heinz Rädler
  • Kirill Kuzanyan
  • Klaus G. Strassmeier
  • Klaus-Peter Schröder
  • Kwing Chan
  • Leonid Kitchatinov
  • Levente Kriskovics
  • Liyun Zhang
  • Louis Amard
  • Lucia Duarte
  • Ludovic Petitdemange
  • Ludovic Petitdemange
  • Maarit Mantere
  • Manfred Küker
  • Mark Miesch
  • Martin Schrinner
  • Matteo Cantiello
  • Matthew Browning
  • Michael Mond
  • Mikkel Lund
  • Nadezhda Zolotova
  • Nathan Kleeorin
  • Nicolas Bessolaz
  • Nobumitsu Yokoi
  • Oleg Kochukhov
  • Oliver Gressel
  • Petri Käpylä
  • Radostin Simitev
  • Rafael A. Garcia
  • Rainer Arlt
  • Rakesh Yadav
  • Raphaël Raynaud
  • Reinhard Schlickeiser
  • Santiago Triana
  • Sarah Jabbari
  • Scott Gregory
  • Thomas Hackman
  • Timo Reinhold
  • Tugdual Ceillier
  • Yori Fournier
    • 7:00 AM
      MONDAY 132:028

      132:028

      Nordita

    • 1
      Registration B3 (KTH)

      B3

      KTH

      Brinellvägen 23
    • 2
      BROWNING: Simulations of differential rotation at the bottom of the main sequence B3 (KTH)

      B3

      KTH

    • 3
      MORIN: Differential rotation in very-low-mass stars: a clue to dynamo bistability? B3 (KTH)

      B3

      KTH

      Slides
    • 11:00 AM
      break Foyer B

      Foyer B

      Nordita

    • 4
      STRASSMEIER: DI and ZDI of stellar magnetism and surface velocity fields B3 (KTH)

      B3

      KTH

    • 5
      BRUN: Differential rotation and dynamo action in G and K stars B3 (KTH)

      B3

      KTH

    • 12:30 PM
      Lunch undefined

      undefined

      Nordita

    • 6
      BONANNO: Current-driven Instabilities in Stellar Radiation Zones: linear analysis and nonlinear evolution from DNS B3 (KTH)

      B3

      KTH

    • 7
      MOND: Non-dissipative saturation of the magneto-rotational instability B3 (KTH)

      B3

      KTH

      Slides
    • 8
      HYPOLITE: A two-dimensional model of gravitationally contracting rotating star B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

    • 4:30 PM
      break Foyer B

      Foyer B

      Nordita

    • 9
      MIESCH: Meridional circulation in solar and stellar convection zones B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 10
      SOOD: Dynamic model of dynamo (magnetic activity) and stellar rotation B3 (KTH)

      B3

      KTH

      Slides
    • 7:00 AM
      TUESDAY 132:028

      132:028

      Nordita

    • 11
      KITCHATINOV: Mean-field theory of meridional flow and differential rotation B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 12
      ZHANG: Consistent Long-term Variation in the Hemispheric Asymmetry of Solar Rotation B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 13
      ARLT: The solar differential rotation in the 18th century B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 14
      FOURNIER: Magnetic flux emergence with differential rotation in compressible shells B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 11:00 AM
      break Foyer B

      Foyer B

      Nordita

    • 15
      HACKMAN: Are starspots equivalents to sunspots? B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 16
      KOCHUKHOV: Zeeman Doppler imaging: techniques and limitations B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

    • 17
      BESSOLAZ: Magnetism and differential rotation in pre-main sequence stars B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

    • 1:00 PM
      Lunch undefined

      undefined

      Nordita

    • 18
      BASRI: What fraction of Kepler targets show differential rotation? B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 19
      REINHOLD: Rotation and Differential Rotation of the Kepler stars B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

    • 20
      GARCIA: Studying stellar rotation and magnetic activity cycles with asteroseismic measurements B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

    • 21
      KAROFF: Sounding Stellar Cycles with Kepler B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

    • 4:30 PM
      break Foyer B

      Foyer B

      Nordita

    • 22
      CHAN: Rotational effects on convection B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 23
      LEHTINEN: Viability of using photometric period variations as a proxy for stellar surface differential rotation B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 7:00 AM
      WEDNESDAY 132:028

      132:028

      Nordita

    • 24
      BRANDENBURG: Is solar activity a surface phenomenon? B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 25
      BENEVOLENSKAYA: Synoptic solar cycle observed by Solar Dynamics Observatory B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 26
      WARNECKE: Solar-like differential rotation in a convective dynamo with a coronal envelope B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 11:00 AM
      break Foyer B

      Foyer B

      Nordita

    • 27
      REINERS: Observational constraints for dynamos in low-mass stars B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

    • 28
      PETITDEMANGE: On the field strength and field topology in anelastic spherical dynamo simulations B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

    • 29
      SCHMITT: Surface constraints on the solar dynamo B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 1:00 PM
      Lunch Foyer B

      Foyer B

      Nordita

    • 2:30 PM
      Free afternoon -

      -

      Nordita

    • 7:00 AM
      THURSDAY 132:028

      132:028

      Nordita

    • 30
      CANTIELLO: Pulsations and magnetic fields in massive stars B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 31
      GREGORY: Can we predict the global magnetic topology of a pre-main-sequence star from Its position in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram? B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 32
      SPADA: Modelling low-mass main, sequence stars: radius discrepancy and magnetic activity B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 11:00 AM
      break Foyer B

      Foyer B

      Nordita

    • 33
      SCHRöDER: O.C.Wilson's stars: The aging of stellar activity on the MS B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 34
      KüKER: Meridional flows in stellar convection zones B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 35
      BRAITHWAITE: The Tayler instability in stars B3 (KTH)

      B3

      KTH

      Slides
    • 1:00 PM
      Lunch undefined

      undefined

      Nordita

    • 36
      ROGACHEVSKII: New scaling for the alpha effect in slowly rotating turbulence B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

    • 37
      GUERRERO: Implicit large-eddy simulation of rotating turbulent convection with the EULAG code B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 38
      KäPYLä: Magnetic cycles and equatorward migration in simulations of turbulent convection B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 39
      SCHLICKEISER: Cosmic magnetogenesis: from spontaneously emitted aperiodic turbulent to ordered equipartition fields B3 (KTH)

      B3

      KTH

      Slides
    • 4:30 PM
      break Foyer B

      Foyer B

      Nordita

    • 40
      GAILITIS: The Riga dynamo experiment B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 41
      TRIANA: Inertial waves driven by differential rotation: a laboratory experiment B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 7:00 AM
      FRIDAY 132:028

      132:028

      Nordita

    • 42
      BENEVOLENSKAYA: Detailed evolution and rotation of the active regions NOAA 11101, 11106 from the SDO/HMI data B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 43
      SOKOLOFF: Reversals of the solar dipole B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 44
      ILLARIONOV: A new dynamo pattern revealed by the tilt angle of bipolar sunspot groups B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 11:00 AM
      break Foyer B

      Foyer B

      Nordita

    • 45
      COLE: Differential rotation and dynamo in compressible convection simulations B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

    • 46
      KARAK: Effect of the turbulent pumping of magnetic flux on the predictability of the solar cycle B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Slides
    • 47
      Resonances for activity waves in spherical mean field dynamos B2 (KTH)

      B2

      KTH

      Speaker: Dmitry Sokoloff
      Slides
    • 48
      Information on differential rotation from asteroseismology FP41

      FP41

      Nordita

      Speaker: Mikkel Lund (Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Aarhus University)
    • 49
      SHUKUROV: Smoothing with Gaussian processes FP41

      FP41

      Nordita

    • 50
      Magnetic fields in the early universe Nordita west

      Nordita west

      Nordita

      The talk discusses the possibility that cosmic magnetic fields can originate in the early universe. Primordial fields could be generated during one of the early universe phase transitions like, inflation or the elctroweak/QCD phase transitions. We discuss these possibilities, their subsequent evolution, and the possible signals they leave on the Cosmic microwave background and on the high redshift universe. Such primordial fields could also provide seed magnetic fields for the dynamo, and explain the fields which have been recently claimed to be present in the large scale voids.
      Speaker: Prof. Kandaswamy Subramanian
    • 51
      Baroclinic instability in differentially rotating stars FP41

      FP41

      Nordita

      Speaker: Leonid Kitchatinov (Institute for Solar-Terrestrial Physics)
      Slides
    • 52
      Flow induction in MHD turbulence Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Effect of cross helicity (velocity--magnetic-field correlation) in the mean momentum equation is investigated. Turbulent cross helicity enters the expression for the mean-field Lorentz force. Combined with the contributions through the Reynolds and turbulent Maxwell stresses, it gives a possibility to induce a flow. Mean momentum equation is examined from this viewpoint. As for some examples, poloidal flow in the reversed-shear (RS) mode in tokamak plasmas, torsional oscillations in the solar convection zone, and explosive magnetic reconnection are argued in this framework.
      Speaker: Dr Nobumitsu Yokoi (Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo)
    • 53
      MIESCH: A 3D Babcock-Leighton dynamo model with spots FP41

      FP41

      Nordita

    • 54
      Activity Cycles of the red giant star OP And FP41

      FP41

      Nordita

      Speaker: Ana Borisova (Institute of Astronomy and NAO-Rozhen, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences)
      Slides
    • 55
      BIRZAN: Radio-mode AGN feedback (Astro-seminar) FB54

      FB54

      Nordita

    • 56
      Planet formation and life in the Galaxy NORDITA 122.026

      NORDITA 122.026

      Nordita

      Speaker: Johansen
    • 57
      Quasi-geostrophic approximation of anelastic convection Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Speaker: Friedrich Busse
    • 58
      Testing models on data - Bayesian inference 132:028

      132:028

      Nordita

      Speaker: Mr Rainer Arlt (Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam)
    • 59
      The Li-rich single K giant DI Psc 132:028

      132:028

      Nordita

      Fast rotating red giant branch stars in the first dredge-up phase provide a unique opportunity to study connections between enhanced Li abundance and activity. DI Psc is (HD 217352) a Li- rich, active single K giant, a new candidate for the rather small group of giants currently in this state. We reconstructed the surface temperature distribution by the means of Doppler Imaging on several lines including Li I 6708 using exceptionally high resolution and signal-to-noise spectra covering two rotational periods. The surface differential rotational pattern was recovered using cross correlation of the consecutive maps to investigate if it is affected by the dredge-up mechanism.
      Speaker: Levente Kriskovics (Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest)
    • 60
      Differential rotation in red giants: constraining the physics of angular momentum transport with asteroseismology 132:028

      132:028

      Nordita

      Recent observations have revealed the presence of both pulsations and magnetic fields in massive stars. As these phenomena can directly affect the mass-loss and the rotation rate, their impact on stellar evolution is potentially huge, with consequences for the final fate of massive stars. I will review some of the latest observational and theoretical developments in the field, focusing in particular on the impact of subsurface convection zones in hot, massive stars. These convective regions might be responsible for both the presence of stochastically excited pulsations, small scale surface magnetic fields and surface micro/macro-turbulence.
      Speaker: Matteo Cantiello (Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California)
    • 61
      Using the wavelet transform to measure the stellar magnetic fields 132:028

      132:028

      Nordita

      The standard method of the magnetic field measurement, based on an analysis of the relation between the Stokes V-parameter and the first derivative of the total line profile intensity, has been modified by applying a linear integral operator L to the both sides of this relation. The wavelet transform with DOG-wavelets as the operator L is used. The advantage of the method is an effective noise suppression for the line profile and the Stokes parameter V. The efficiency of the method was tested for model line profiles with various noise contributions. To test the proposed method, we used the spectropolarimetric observations of the A0-type star alpha2 CVn and the young O-type star theta1 Ori C with well known magnetic field phase curves. The calculated by our method longitudinal magnetic field strengths for these stars are in a good agreement with those determined by other methods.
      Speaker: Alexander F. Kholtygin (Astronomical Institute, Saint-Petersburg State University)
    • 62
      New theory of differential rotation in anisotropic turbulent convection Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      We discuss a new theory of differential rotation in anisotropic density stratified inhomogeneous turbulent convection. A key point of this theory is an effect of the turbulent heat flux on the Reynolds stresses in a rotating turbulent convection. We solved a coupled system of dynamical equations which includes the equations for the Reynolds stresses, the entropy fluctuations and the turbulent heat flux. We used a spectral tau approximation in order to close the system of dynamical equations. The model of the background turbulent convection takes into account an increase of the anisotropy of turbulence with increase of the rate of rotation. We also took into account the effect of rotation on the turbulent correlation time. We found that the ratio of the contributions to the Reynolds stresses caused by the turbulent heat flux and the anisotropic eddy viscosity is much larger than the ratio the density hight scale to the maximum scale of turbulent motions. We demonstrated that the effect of the turbulent heat flux on the Reynolds stresses is crucial for the formation of the differential rotation and should be taken into account in the theories of the differential rotation of the Sun, stars and planets. We found that this effect causes the differential rotation which is comparable with the typical solar differential rotation.
      Speaker: Nathan J. Kleeorin (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva)
    • 63
      Stellar spot modelling and differential rotation Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Speakers: Hans-Erich Fröhlich, Mr Rainer Arlt (Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam)
      Slides
    • 64
      Observing Feedback and the Circumgalactic Medium: Pushing Toward the Norm Albanova, FA31

      Albanova, FA31

      Nordita

      Speaker: Kate Rubin
    • 65
      Effect of the turbulent pumping of magnetic flux on the predictability of the solar cycle Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      The irregular nature of the solar cycle makes the prediction of future cycles challenging. However, the prediction of the solar activity is important for several reasons. In the Babcock-Leighton dynamo models, the poloidal field is generated near the solar surface whereas the toroidal field is generated near the base of the convection zone. Therefore a finite time necessary for the poloidal field to reach the base of the convection zone introduces a memory in the dynamo model which allows the dynamo model to predict the future solar cycle. We have shown that this predictability of the solar cycle is strongly affected by the inclusion of the downward turbulent pumping of the magnetic flux which is unavoidable in the convectively unstable solar convection zone. With a significant turbulent pumping in Babcock-Leighton dynamo models, a long term prediction of the solar cycle is impossible; only a short term prediction (of about 5 years) may be possible.
      Speaker: Bidya Binay Karak (Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore)
    • 66
      Revisiting the ABC dynamo Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Speaker: Emmanuel Dormy
    • 67
      Past and present of sunspot observations Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Speaker: Mr Rainer Arlt (Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam)
      Slides
    • 68
      Role of sunspots in the polar magnetic field reversal on the Sun Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Using Greenwich catalogue of sunspots and magnetic field observations it was shown that impulses of sunspot activity during a course of solar cycle are responsible for residual magnetic flux transported by meridional circulation toward the poles. This, in turn, is related to the polarity reversal of the axisymmetric magnetic fields. Single and compound magnetic field reversals at solar poles during 1875-2012 are reconstructed and compared with reversals restored from Hα synoptic maps. Asynchronous reversals in both hemispheres are compared also with the phase differences between northern and southern activities. Relationships between the strong cycles 18 and 19 with the strength of the polar magnetic field at solar minimums are discussed.
      Speaker: Nadezhda V. Zolotova (Earth's Physics Department, St.Petersburg State University)
      Slides
    • 69
      Anisotropy of helicity in the Sun Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      We study observational proxies of magnetic helicity (and the alpha effect) in the Sun by analysis of photospheric vector magnetograms. The newest finding is determination of anisotropy of helicity near the solar surface. We can demonstrate that assumptions of local homogeneity and isotropy require serious revision in the light of these findings. Furthermore, we can show that rotation can cause this significant anisotropy. Furthermore, we can speculate how the methods developed for computation of large-scale helicity in the Sun can be applied for computation of helicity proxies in the stars for which magnetic patterns are available with sufficient cadence.
      Speaker: Kirill Kuzanyan (IZMIRAN, Russia)
    • 70
      Anelastic dynamo models with variable electrical conductivity: an application to gas giants Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Observations of the gas giants show that both planets have dipolar magnetic fields: Jupiter's is very similar to the Earth's magnetic field and Saturn's is very axisymmetric. In addition, both gas giants present a very dynamical behaviour of the atmospheric flow, organized in banded structures of east-west flow. Our main goal is to approach more realistic numerical models that explain these features. While the small density gradient across terrestrial iron cores allows the use of the Boussinesq approximation, the picture is different for the gas giants. Here, the density decreases by a factor of around 5000 from the deep interior to the surface (1 bar level). Though most of this density jump is accommodated in the outer molecular envelopes of the planets, it may still be significant in the metallic dynamo region. Among other properties, the electrical conductivity also varies significantly with radius, being roughly constant in the metallic hydrogen region and decaying superexponentially in the molecular envelope. In this work, we solve an anelastic numerical dynamo model (which differs from a fully compressible model by neglecting sound waves) to explore the effects of density stratification and electrical conductivity variation on the magnetic field generation and on the configuration and strength of the surface east-west flow. We use an anelastic version of the MHD code MagIC with inner-to-outer boundary density variation of up to 245 and an electrical conductivity profile that decays exponentially in the outer 5-30% of the simulated shell. Previous simulations using constant conductivity showed that dipole-dominated magnetic fields are only found for weak density variations. The exponential conductivity decrease helps to cancel this effect by separating magnetic field generation from the dominant convective region. For intermediate gradients of the density stratification (6<density variation<148), the dipole component clearly dominates during short periods. Stable and strong dipolar solutions are found either when the density variation is larger than 148 at E=10e^(-4), which results in a more clear separation between the dynamo and the dominant convective region, or when the Ekman number considered is lower than 10e^(-4). Concerning the flow, we were unable to reproduce the banded structure of the surface zonal flow, with the exception of the strong equatorial jet that is always present. The strength of the equatorial surface flow seems to approach planetary values with the increase of the Rayleigh number and the density gradient.
      Speaker: Lúcia D. V. Duarte (Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Lindau)
      Slides
    • 71
      Bridging planetary and stellar dynamos: scaling laws for anelastic spherical shell dynamos Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Numerical dynamo models always operate at parameters which are many orders of magnitude smaller or larger than the values expected in natural objects. However, numerical modelling has been very successful in reproducing many interesting properties of dynamos existing in nature. This qualitative agreement fuels the idea that both numerical and natural systems are in an asymptotic regime of dynamics where the diffusive processes do not play an important role. Such asymptotic regimes can be probed using scaling studies. In the recent past, scaling laws derived from relatively simple dynamo simulations have proven to be very fruitful: numerical models successfully predict the mean magnetic field strength of a broad range of astrophysical objects encompassing Earth, Jupiter, and some rapidly-rotating fully-convective stars. We study more than 250 new direct numerical simulations of Boussinesq and anelastic dynamos in spherical shell to extend earlier scaling laws derived from only Boussinesq models. We find that the scaling laws for heat transfer, mean kinetic and magnetic energy in these systems are very robust. Our study provides strong support for the hypothesis that both mean kinetic and magnetic energy relate to the power generated by buoyancy forces via a simple power law.
      Speaker: Rakesh Yadav (Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Lindau)
    • 72
      Dynamo efficiency as a constraint for dynamo models? Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Speaker: Martin Schrinner
    • 73
      Direct simulation of helicity and application in mean-field dynamos Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Speaker: Dr Gustavo Guerrero (NORDITA)
    • 74
      Anelastic approximations Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      We will present a summary of different versions of the convective approximations of the fully compressible version of the Navier-Stokes equation, and question their numerical implementation.
      Speaker: Raynaud Raphael
    • 75
      Stastistics of magnetic fields on high-mass stars Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Speaker: Prof. Alexander Kholtygin (Astronomical Institute of Saint-Petersburg University, Russia)
    • 76
      Negative effective magnetic pressure instability Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Speaker: Illa Rivero Losada
    • 77
      Surface flux concentrations in a spherical alpha-square dynamo Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      In the presence of strong density stratification, turbulence can lead to a large-scale instability of a horizontal magnetic field if its strength is in a suitable range (within a few percent of the turbulent equipartition value). This instability is related to a suppression of the turbulent pressure so that the turbulence contribution to the mean magnetic pressure becomes negative. This results in the excitation of a negative effective magnetic pressure instability (NEMPI). This instability has so far only been studied for an imposed magnetic field. We want to know how NEMPI works when the mean magnetic field is generated self-consistently by an \alpha^2 dynamo, whether it is affected by global spherical geometry, and whether it can influence the properties of the dynamo itself. We adopt the mean-field approach which has previously been shown to provide a realistic description of NEMPI in direct numerical simulations. We assume axisymmetry and solve the mean-field equations with the Pencil-Code for an adiabatic stratification at a total density contrast in the radial direction of approximately 4 orders of magnitude. NEMPI is found to work when the dynamo-generated field is about 4% of the equipartition value, which is achieved through strong \alpha quenching. This instability is excited in the top 5% of the outer radius provided the density contrast across this top layer is at least 10. NEMPI is found to occur at lower latitudes when the mean magnetic field is stronger. For weaker fields, NEMPI can make the dynamo oscillatory with poleward migration. In conclusion, NEMPI is a viable mechanism for producing magnetic flux concentrations in a strongly stratified spherical shell in which a magnetic field is generated by a strongly quenched \alpha effect dynamo.
      Speaker: Sarah Jabbari (KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm)
    • 78
      Combining Models of Coronal Mass Ejections and Solar Dynamos Albanova, FA31

      Albanova, FA31

      Nordita

      Speaker: Mr Jörn Warnecke (Nordita)
    • 79
      Differential rotation in radiative stars Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Speaker: Friedrich Busse
    • 80
      Appearance of discontinuities in MHD Nordita east

      Nordita east

      Nordita

      Speaker: Jonathan Braithwaite
      Slides